Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanostructures Using Chemical Method

In this research, hydroxyapatite was prepared from natural and industrial sources using a simple chemical method. The fish (scales and bones), snail shells, bovine bones, horse bones, egg shells, cuttlefish bones and crab shells are composed by crystals of calcium carbonate (94%), organic matter (4%), calcium phosphate (1%) and magnesium carbonate (1%). EDX data for derived HAp from natural sources at 600°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1100 °C, respectively. Based on the EDX signatures, the Ca/P weight ratio for derived HAp was calculated and was found to be 1.67 at 600°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1100 °C, respectively. In the present work, it was found that XRD 2θ positions of the (bones, scales and shells) samples calcined at 600 °C and 1100 °C shifted by total error of 0.056 and 0.031, respectively, thus indicating that the HAp lattice has contracted due to loss of OH radicals. The peak at 1026-1049 cm-1 (ν3) was attributed to triply degenerate asymmetric ν3(PO) stretching. The tetrahedral  internal mode (ν1) observed at 960 cm-1 represents the symmetric stretching of the P-O bond. The position of this peak represents the degree of crystallinity of the material and confirmed that the prepared HAp had highly crystallized nature.